SPRimager®II
Protein-Nucleic Acid interactions

• Assembly of viral capsid proteins on specific RNA sequences
  BH Garcia II, RM Goodman (2008): Use of surface plasmon resonance imaging to study viral RNA:protein interactions. J. Virological Meth. 147:18-25
  
  
• Detecting Protein Biomarkers at Picomolar Concentration
  Y Li, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2007): Detection of Protein Biomarkers Using RNA Aptamer Microarrays and Enzymatically Amplified Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Analytical Chemistry 79:1082-8
  
  
• RNA aptamer microarrays and protein–aptamer interactions
  Y Li, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2006): Fabrication and characterization of RNA aptamer microarrays for the study of protein–aptamer interactions with SPR imaging. Nucleic Acids Res. 34:6416-24
  
  
• Binding of bacterial transcription factors to DNA promoters
  EA Smith, MG Erickson, AT Ulijasz, B Weisblum, RM Corn (2003): Surface plasmon resonance imaging of transcription factor proteins: interactions of bacterial response regulators with DNA arrays on gold films. Langmuir 19:1486-1492
   
• Binding of eukaryotic transcription factors to wild type and mutant promoters. Compares SPR imaging and electrophoresis gel shift assays
  M Kyo, T Yamamoto, H Motohashi, T Kamiya, T Kuroita, T Tanaka, JD Engel, B Kawakami, M Yamamoto (2003): Evaluation of MafG interaction with Maf recognition element arrays by surface plasmon resonance imaging technique. Genes Cells 2:153-64
   
• Specific binding of SSB to single stranded but not double stranded DNA
  JM Brockman, AG Frutos, RM Corn (1999) A multi-step chemical modification procedure to create DNA arrays on gold surfaces for the study of protein-DNA interactions with surface plasmon resonance imaging". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:8044-8051

  Related GWC Application Notes
  Monitoring Binding of SSB to ssDNA
  Monitoring DNA-DNA interactions

Protein- Protein interactions

• Interactions between Insulin and Insulin-degrading enzyme
  G Grasso, AI Bush, R D’Agata, E Rizzarelli & G Spoto (2008): Enzyme solid-state support assays: a surface plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry coupled study of immobilized insulin degrading enzyme Eur Biophys J 38:407-414
   
• Binding affinity for the same calcium-dependent protein-protein interaction measured on the SPRimager®II and on a much more expensive instrument. As expected, the measured affinity is higher on the SPRimager®II
  L Subramanian, TM Walker, JC Takach, AS Polans (2006): An improved surface plasmon resonance method for determining the molecular basis of the calcium-dependent interactions of ALG-2. Calcium Binding Proteins 1: 54-61
   
• Fabrication of His-tagged fusion protein arrays
  GJ Wegner, HJ Lee, G Marriott, RM Corn (2003) Fabrication of histidine-tagged fusion protein arrays for surface plasmon resonance imaging studies of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Analytical Chemistry 75:4740-4746

  Related GWC Application Notes
  Preparation of a functional biotin surface on SpotReady chips
  Protein Immobilization

Protein-Carbohydrate interactions

• Binding of lectins to glycan arrays
  M Dhayal, DM Ratner (2009): XPS and SPR analysis of glycoarray surface density. Langmuir 25:2181-7
   
• Binding of lectins to monosaccharide arrays
  EA Smith, WD Thomas, LL Kiessling, RM Corn (2003): Surface plasmon resonance imaging studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125: 6140-6148
   
• Binding of Shiga-like toxin to oligosaccharide arrays; calculation of IC50 values for two synthetic inhibitors
  V Kanda, P Kitov, DR Bundle, MT McDermott (2005): Surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements of the inhibition of Shiga-like toxin by Synthetic Multivalent Inhibitors. Analytical Chemistry 77:7497-7504
   
• Binding of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) lectin to galactose conjugates
  R D’ Agata, G Grasso, G Iacono, G Spoto, G Vecchio (2006): Lectin recognition of a new SOD mimic bio-conjugate studied with surface plasmon resonance imaging. Org. Biomol. Chem. 4:610-612

Antibody–Antigen interactions

• MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Biomarkers Captured on an Antibody Array
  D Nedelkov (2007): Development of Surface Plasmon Resonance Mass Spectrometry Array Platform. Anal Chem 79:5987-90
   
• Epitope Analysis to Determine Compatible Antibody Pairs for Capture and Detection
  V Kodoyianni (2008): Versatile, Label-Free Microarray Analysis. Genetic Eng. News 28(5):42-43
   
• Use of antibody arrays for multiplex detection of low molecular weight protein biomarkers
  HJ Lee, D Nedelkov, RM Corn (2006): Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Measurements of Antibody Arrays for the Multiplexed Detection of Low Molecular Weight Protein Biomarkers. Analytical Chemistry. 78:6504-6510
   
• Affinities of antibody-peptide interactions measured by exposing peptide arrays to antibody
  GJ Wegner, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2002): Characterization and optimization of peptide arrays for the study of epitope-antibody interactions using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Analytical Chemistry. 74:5161-5168
   
• Using antibody arrays to detect antigens in crude cell lysates
  M Kyo, K Usui-Aoki, H Koga (2005): Label-free detection of proteins in a crude cell lysate with antibody arrays by surface plasmon resonance imaging technique. Analytical Chemistry 77:7115-7121
   
• Fabrication of antigen arrays to study antibody-antigen interactions
  V Kanda, JK Kariuki, DJ Harrison, MT McDermott (2004): Label-free reading of microarray-based immunoassays with surface plasmon resonance imaging. Analytical Chemistry 76:7257-7262

  Related GWC Application Notes
  Monitoring Antibody-Antigen interactions
  Antibody immobilization
  Measuring Antibody-Antigen Affinities

Nucleic acid analysis

• MicroRNA analysis
  A Wark, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2008): Multiplexed Detection Methods for Profiling microRNA Expression in Biological Samples. Angewandte Chemie 47:644-52
  
  S Fang, HJ Lee, AW Wark, RM Corn (2006): Attomole Microarray Detection of MicroRNAs by Nanoparticle-Amplified SPR Imaging Measurements of Surface Polyadenylation Reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128:14044-46
  
  
• DNA and RNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays
  BP Nelson, TE Grimsrud, MR Liles, RM Goodman, RM Corn (2001): Surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements of DNA and RNA hybridization adsorption onto DNA microarrays. Analytical Chemistry 73:1-7
  
  BP Nelson, MR Liles, K Frederick, RM Corn, RM Goodman (2002): Label-free detection of 16S ribosomal RNA hybridization on reusable DNA arrays using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Environmental Microbiology 4:735-743
  
  HJ Lee, TT Goodrich, RM Corn (2001): SPR imaging measurements of 1D and 2D DNA microarrays in PDMS microfluidic channels on gold thin films. Analytical chemistry 73: 5525-5531
   
• Induced hairpin formation and detection on arrays
  EA Smith, M Kyo, H Kumasawa, K Nakatani, I Saito RM Corn (2002): Chemically induced hairpin formation in DNA monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 6810-6811
  
  K Nakatani, S Hagihara, Y Goto, A Kobori, M Hagihara, G Hayashi, M Kyo, M Nomura M Mishima , C Kojima (2005): Small-molecule ligand induces nucleotide flipping in (CAG)n trinucleotide repeats. Nature Chemical Biology 1:39-43
   
• Detection of point mutations; SPR signal enhanced with nanospheres
  A Okumura, Y Sato, M Kyo, H Kawaguchi (2005): Point mutation detection with the sandwich method employing hydrogel nanospheres by the surface plasmon resonance imaging technique. Analytical Biochemistry 339:328-37
  
  H Kawaguchi, Y Sato, A Okumura, M Kyo (2005): Enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity in surface plasmon resonance detection of a DNA point mutation by polymeric microspheres. e-Polymers #050
   
• Detection of 1fM DNA target using on-chip amplifcation
  TT Goodrich, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2004) Enzymatically amplified surface plasmon resonance imaging method using RNase H and RNA microarrays for the ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids. Analytical Chemistry 76:6173-6178
  
  TT Goodrich, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2004): Direct detection of genomic DNA by enzymatically amplified SPR Imaging measurements of RNA microarrays. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:4086-4087
  
  S Fang, HJ Lee, AW Wark, HM Kim, RM Corn (2005): Determination of Ribonuclease H surface enzyme kinetics by surface plasmon resonance imaging and surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 77:6528-6534
   
• Monitoring binding of antibiotics to RNA arrays
  Y Nishimura, H Adachi, M Kyo, S Murakami, S Hattori, K Ajito (2005): A proof of the specificity of kanamycin-ribosomal RNA interaction with designed synthetic analogs and the antibacterial activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15:2159-2162

  Related GWC Application Notes
  Monitoring DNA-DNA interactions
  Amplifast: a highly sensitive DNA detection method
  Monitoring Binding of SSB to ssDNA

Making arrays

• Antibody Array Methods
  CF Grant (2009): Development and Characterization of Interfacial Chemistry for Biomolecule Immobilization in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Imaging Studies. PhD Thesis, University of Alberta
   
• Photopatterning
  JM Brockman, AG Frutos, RM Corn (1999): A multi-step chemical modification procedure to create DNA arrays on gold surfaces for the study of protein-DNA interactions with surface plasmon resonance Imaging. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:8044-8051
   
• Line Arrays using PDMS
  HJ Lee, TT Goodrich, RM Corn (2001): SPR imaging measurements of 1D and 2D DNA microarrays in PDMS microfluidic channels on gold thin films. Analytical chemistry 73: 5525-5531
   
• DNA Arrays
  Y Chen, A Nguyen, L Niu, RM Corn (2009): Fabrication of DNA Microarrays with Poly(l-glutamic acid) Monolayers on Gold Substrates for SPR Imaging Measurements. Langmuir 25: 5054–5060
   
• EA Smith, MJ Wanat, Y Cheng, SVP Barreira, AG Frutos, RM Corn (2001): Formation, spectroscopic characterization and application of sulfhydryl-terminated alkanethiol monolayers for the chemical attachment of DNA onto gold surfaces. Langmuir 17: 2502-2507
   
• Small molecule arrays
  N Kanoh, M Kyo, K Inamori, A Ando, A Asami, A Nakao, H Osada (2006): SPR imaging of photo-cross-linked small-molecule arrays on gold. Analytical Chemistry 78: 2226 -2230
  
  EA Smith, WD Thomas, LL Kiessling, RM Corn (2003): Surface plasmon resonance imaging studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125: 6140-6148

  Related GWC Application Notes
  How to prepare an array on SpotReady chips
  Preparing a functional streptavidin surface

Kinetics analysis

• Kinetic measurements of S protein–S peptide interactions using peptide arrays
  GJ Wegner, AW Wark, HJ Lee, E Codner, T Saeki, S Feng RM Corn (2004): Real time SPR imaging measurements for the multiplexed determination of protein adsorption /desorption kinetics and surface enzymatic reactions on peptide microarrays. Analytical Chemistry 76:5677-5684
   
• Kinetic analysis of adsorption and desorption of RCA lectin on a glycoconjugate surface
  R D’ Agata, G Grasso, G Iacono, G Spoto, G Vecchio (2006): Lectin recognition of a new SOD mimic bioconjugate studied with surface plasmon resonance imaging. Org. Biomol. Chem.4:610-612
   
• Kinetic analysis of RNaseH degradation of RNA probe arrays
  S Fang, HJ Lee, AW Wark, HM Kim, RM Corn (2005) Determination of Ribonuclease H surface enzyme kinetics by surface plasmon resonance imaging and surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 77:6528-6534

Whole cell characterization

• Characterizing cell receptor profiles using protein ligand arrays
  D Peelen, V Kodoyianni, J Lee, T Zheng, MR Shortreed, LM Smith (2006): Specific capture of mammalian cells by cell surface receptor binding to ligand immobilized on gold thin films. Journal of Proteome Research 5:1580 -1585

  Related GWC Application Notes
  Cell surface receptor profiling

Monitoring peptide modifications

• Monitoring peptide phoshorylation on peptide arrays
  K Inamori, M Kyo, Y Nishiya, Y Inoue, T Sonoda, E Kinoshita, T Koike, Y Katayama (2005): Detection and quantification of on-chip phosphorylated peptides by surface plasmon resonance imaging techniques using a phosphate capture molecule. Analytical Chemistry 77:3979-3985

Carbon-on-Gold

• Aldehyde Surface for Immobilizing Probes with Free Amines
  MR Lockett, MR Shortreed, LM Smith (2008): Aldehyde-Terminated Amorphous Carbon Substrates for the Fabrication of Biomolecule Arrays. Langmuir 24:9198–9203 
  
  
• Original Description of this Robust Label-Free Surface
  MR Lockett, SC Weibel, MF Phillips, MR Shortreed, B Sun, RM Corn, RJ Hamers, F Cerrina, LM Smith (2008): Carbon-on-Metal Films for Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of DNA Arrays. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130:8611–8613
   
• Analysis of protein array interactions
  HJ Lee, Y Yan, G Marriott, RM Corn (2005): Quantitative functional analysis of protein complexes on surfaces J. Physiology (London) 563:61-71


• Chip fabrication and analysis by SPR imaging
  GJ Wegner, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2004): Surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements of DNA, RNA, and protein interactions to biomolecular arrays. Protein Microarray Technology, Wiley, ISBN: 3-527-30597-1, pp 107-129
   

Reviews

• Enzyme-Enhanced Assays for the SPRimager®II
  HJ Lee, AW Wark, RM Corn (2006): Creating advanced multifunctional biosensors with surface enzymatic transformations. Langmuir 22:5241-5250 
  
  
• SPR instruments reviewed
  R Mukhopadhyay (2005): Surface plasmon resonance instruments diversify. Analytical Chemistry Aug 1
   
• Analysis of protein array interactions
  HJ Lee, Y Yan, G Marriott, RM Corn (2005): Quantitative functional analysis of protein complexes on surfaces J. Physiology (London) 563:61-71


• Chip fabrication and analysis by SPR imaging
  GJ Wegner, HJ Lee, RM Corn (2004): Surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements of DNA, RNA, and protein interactions to biomolecular arrays. Protein Microarray Technology, Wiley, ISBN: 3-527-30597-1, pp 107-129
   

FT-SPR Applications
Original Description of the Method

• AG Frutos, SC Weibel, RM Corn (1999)
  Near infrared surface plasmon resonance measurements of ultrathin films. 2. Fourier Transform SPR Spectroscopy 71:3935-3940

Recent applications of FT-SPR

• S Boddohi, CE Killingsworth, MJ Kipper (2008)
  Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Assembly as a Function of pH and Ionic Strength Using the Polysaccharides Chitosan and Heparin Biomacromolecules 9:2021–2028
  
  
• J Tang, RS Signarvic, WF DeGrado, F Gai (2007)
  Role of Helix Nucleation in the Kinetics of Binding of Mastoparan X to Phospholipid Bilayers Biochemistry 46:13856-13863
  
  
• C Rhodes, S Franzen, J-P Maria, M Losego, DN Leonard, B Laughlin, G Duscher, S Weibel (2006)
  Surface plasmon resonance in conducting metal oxides. J. Appl. Physics 1000:54905
  
  
• G Arena, A Contino, R D’Agata, C Sgarlata, G Spoto (2005)
  Ordered anchored cavities at work: a new and rapid SPR-based method for the detection of trace amounts of Cs+. New J. Chem. 11:1393-1395
   
• G Grasso, R D’Agata, E Rizzarelli, G Spoto, L D’Andrea, C Pedone, A Picardi, A Romanelli, M Fragai, KJ Yeo (2005)
  Activity of anchored human matrix metalloproteinase-1 catalytic domain on Au(111) surfaces monitored by ESI-MS+ J. Mass Spectrom. 40:1565-1571
   
• G Arena, A Contino, E Longo, C Sgarlata, G Spoto, V Zito (2004)
  Self-assembling, patterning and SPRimaging of a 1,3 alternate bis (dipyridyl)calix{4}arene derivative-Cu2+ complex immobilized on to Au(111) surfaces. Chem. Comm. 1812-1813

  Related GWC Application Notes
  The chemistries used for array fabrication and analysis developed for the SPRimager®II platform are readily ported to FT-SPR analysis on SPRchip™ substrates. SpotReady™ chips are not suitable for the SPR100 instrument.
  
  How to prepare the SPRchip™ for FT-SPR analysis.